Ball bearing.



' solids from the surfaces'and commingling It will: be observed; that throughout the several apparatus above set forth, some means of circulation is provided in each, so that movement of the pulp is assured sulficient for causing the solids toreach and settle upon all portions of the surfaces, and circulation is also provided for dislodging the the same with the fluid.

While the agitation which serves to dis-- lodge settled solids on the settler surfaces may be produced in various ways, it will be noted that the dislodgment occurs principally from attritionof the fluid against the solids moving under the impetus of the agitation or the relative movement thereof with respect to the surfaces incident to the vibration of the surfaces, The disintegration of the settled mass, laminae or layers of solids resulting from attrition is also supplemented by the overcoming of the cohesion of such mass to the surfaces by the vibratory movement of the surfaces.

Throughout the practising of the process, the solids and fluids are advancing, whether continuously or in successive steps, in opposite dlrections 1n contact with each other so that their progress is stated as movement in progressive opposition. This expression, progressive opposition, is used to designate a meaning as distinguished from opposite progression in that in progression opposition there is physical contact and therefore frictional opposition of two oppositely moving elements opposing each other in their respective movements, while opposite progression might occur without such opposition.

What I claim is 1. In a process of replacing the liquid of a pulp by liquid of different value, settling solids of the pulp and thereby forming a sheet of solids, movin such sheet in replacing fluid, then breaking up the sheet and settling the solids thereof and thereby forming a new sheet of solids.

2. In a process of replacing the liquid of a pulp by liquid of different value, settling solids of the pulp and thereby forming a sheet of solids, movin such sheet in replacing fluid from portlons of the fluid of greater dissolved contents to portions thereof of less dissolved contents, then breaking up the sheet and settling the solids thereof and thereby forming a new sheet of solids.

3. In a process of replacing a liquid containing suspended solids by a liquid of different value, settling the solids in a stratum and removing the solids from the stratum in the replacing liquid by attrition.

e. In a process of replacing a liquid containing suspended solids by a liquid of different value, settling solids in a layer on a carrier in a replacing solution, moving the carrier in the solution, discharging solids from the carrier, and reversing the movement of the carrier. c

5.1; Iniaprocess of replacing the liquid of a pulp by liquid of different value, settling 6; In a process of replacing the liquid of a pulp by liquid of different value, disposing the pulp and superimposed surfaces in a relation conducive to settling of solids of the pulp on the surfaces, and moving the settled solids in layers in one direction and moving the fluid of the pulp in the opposite direction.

7 In a process of replacing the liquid of a pulp by liquid of different value, settling solids of the pulp in replacing fluid in juxtaposed sheets having accessible avenues of approach, moving the sheets, and agitating the settled solids.

8. In a process of replacing the liquid of a pulp by liquid of different value, moving solids of the pulp into position for settling. in juxtaposedsheets, alternately settling and agitating the pulp, and moving the sheets subsequent to settling and prior to agitation. 9. A process of replacing the liquid of a pulp by liquid of diflerent value, comprising carrying out the following steps: first,-

circulating pulp about juxtaposed surfaces,

second, settling solids of the pulp on the juxfifth, intermingling the dislodged solids with the said liquid of less value, sixth, circulating resulting pulp about juxtaposed surfaces, seventh, settling solids on the juxtaposed surfaces, and repeating the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh steps until solids are settled from liquid of substantially no value. I

10. In a process'of replacing the liquid of a pulp by liquid of different value, moving solids in the form of a settled layer in replacing fluid, While moving the replacing fluid in the opposite direction, and then gitating the solids in those portions of the fluid into which the solids have been moving.

11. In a process of replacing a liquid containing suspended solids by a liquid of different value, moving solids, settled in superimposed layers, in replacing fluid, while moving the fluid in an opposite direction, and agitating the solids in the other portions of the fluid into which the solids have been moved.

12. In a process ofreplacing the liquid of a pulp by liquid of diflerent value, settling solids of the pulp in a continuous column of replacing solution at various places along J. L. MORRIS.

BALL BEARING.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.4, I916.

1,279,574. Patented Sept. 24,1918.

IV] T N 1555.

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